Web281 James D. Nabors Drive, Alexander City, AL 35010 (256) 329-6700 on the country in which you live. He founded more than twenty cities, with the most prominent being the city of Alexandria in Egypt. [159][160] Another poisoning explanation put forward in 2010 proposed that the circumstances of his death were compatible with poisoning by water of the river Styx (modern-day Mavroneri in Arcadia, Greece) that contained calicheamicin, a dangerous compound produced by bacteria. ISBN 978-0-300-16426-8. The so-called "Alexander Sarcophagus", discovered near Sidon and now in the Istanbul Archaeology Museum, is so named not because it was thought to have contained Alexander's remains, but because its bas-reliefs depict Alexander and his companions fighting the Persians and hunting. [143] During his visit to Pasargadae, Alexander ordered his architect Aristobulus to decorate the interior of the sepulchral chamber of Cyrus's tomb. However, the memorial was found to be dedicated to the dearest friend of Alexander the Great, Hephaestion. WebAlexander is a male given name.The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history.. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Aleksander and Aleksandr.Related names and diminutives include Iskandar, Alec, Alek, Alex, Alexandre, [e] As Pausanias tried to escape, he tripped over a vine and was killed by his pursuers, including two of Alexander's companions, Perdiccas and Leonnatus. [316] In medieval India, Turkic and Afghan sovereigns from the Iranian-cultured region of Central Asia brought positive cultural connotations of Alexander to the Indian subcontinent, resulting in the efflorescence of Sikandernameh (Alexander Romances) written by Indo-Persian poets such as Amir Khusrow and the prominence of Alexander the Great as a popular subject in Mughal-era Persian miniatures. ABOUT US; CONTACT US; CITY BOARDS; NEWS & EVENTS. [147], Given the propensity of the Macedonian aristocracy to assassination,[150] foul play featured in multiple accounts of his death. Vocabulary. AFTERSHOCK STICKER PACK $20.00. [262], In 334 BC, Alexander the Great donated funds for the completion of the new temple of Athena Polias in Priene, in modern-day western Turkey. In return for teaching Alexander, Philip agreed to rebuild Aristotle's hometown of Stageira, which Philip had razed, and to repopulate it by buying and freeing the ex-citizens who were slaves, or pardoning those who were in exile. Irish playwright Aubrey Thomas de Vere wrote Alexander the Great, a Dramatic Poem. The anguish that Alexander felt after Hephaestion's death may also have contributed to his declining health. [187] Furthermore, Perdiccas had read the notebooks containing Alexander's last plans to the Macedonian troops in Babylon, who voted not to carry them out.[62]. Custom promotional products for any budget. Buy Now. [31], Philip and his army joined his son in 338 BC, and they marched south through Thermopylae, taking it after stubborn resistance from its Theban garrison. See All in Pella, Macedonia, to King Philip II. Chemistry. Gender: Alexander is frequently used as a boy name. [29], At the age of 16, Alexander's education under Aristotle ended. [50] Alexander's relationship with his father "forged" the competitive side of his personality; he had a need to outdo his father, illustrated by his reckless behavior in battle. WebAlexander (2004) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. CITY COUNCIL / PLANNING & ZONING. [195], At Issus in 333 BC, his first confrontation with Darius, he used the same deployment, and again the central phalanx pushed through. [23][26][27][28] This gave the Macedonian court a good knowledge of Persian issues, and may even have influenced some of the innovations in the management of the Macedonian state. Fearing the prospect of facing other large armies and exhausted by years of campaigning, Alexander's army mutinied at the Hyphasis River (Beas), refusing to march farther east. Our Information Technology systems are continually tested and strengthened to ensure protection of all client information. The satrapies handed out by Perdiccas at the Partition of Babylon became power bases each general used to bid for power. In the years following his death, a series of civil wars broke out across the Macedonian Empire, eventually leading to its disintegration at the hands of the Diadochi. [81] The Greeks interpreted this message - one that the gods addressed to all pharaohs - as a prophecy.[78]. Communications. Alexander immediately headed south. Alexander also ordered the murder of Attalus,[50] who was in command of the advance guard of the army in Asia Minor and Cleopatra's uncle. As in Tyre, men of military age were put to the sword and the women and children were sold into slavery. First published Mon Oct 13, 2003; substantive revision Thu Jan 19, 2017. This cost him the sympathies of many of his countrymen, and he eventually abandoned it. CITY PARK. Alexander: Directed by Oliver Stone. [36][37], When Philip returned to Pella, he fell in love with and married Cleopatra Eurydice in 338 BC,[38] the niece of his general Attalus. AR Tetradrachm (25mm, 17.15 g, 1h). He had his cousin, the former Amyntas IV, executed. Sometime after the wedding, Philip is said to have seen himself, in a dream, securing his wife's womb with a seal engraved with a lion's image. After his trip to Siwa, Alexander was crowned in the temple of Ptah at Memphis. [180], Alexander's death was so sudden that when reports of his death reached Greece, they were not immediately believed. [263][264][265], Libanius wrote that Alexander founded the temple of Zeus Bottiaios (Ancient Greek: ), in the place where later the city of Antioch was built. FIRE DEPT. [102] This created a problem for Alexander as to whether he had to make use of the various segments and people that had given the empire its solidity and unity for a lengthy period of time. Alexander was proclaimed king on the spot by the nobles and army at the age of 20. [211] However, some have denied this claim as being used to emphasise the otherworldly and heroic qualities of Alexander. [295], The diffusion of Greek culture and language cemented by Alexander's conquests in West Asia and North Africa served as a "precondition" for the later Roman expansion into these territories and entire basis for the Byzantine Empire, according to Errington. Alexander, the King of Macedonia and one of the greatest army leaders in the history of warfare, conquers much of the known world. Alexander of Aphrodisias. He reportedly read this passage to his patron King Lysimachus, who had been one of Alexander's generals and who quipped, "I wonder where I was at the time. In the temple of Luxor, near Karnak, he built a chapel for the sacred barge. [107], The foundation of the "new" Smyrna was also associated with Alexander. This included commissioning sculptures by Lysippos, paintings by Apelles and gem engravings by Pyrgoteles. [107] Following Alexander's death, many Greeks who had settled there tried to return to Greece. [88] Alexander stayed in Persepolis for five months. [44], In the following year, the Persian satrap (governor) of Caria, Pixodarus, offered his eldest daughter to Alexander's half-brother, Philip Arrhidaeus. He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military [231] Alexander adopted elements of Persian dress and customs at court, notably proskynesis, which was one aspect of Alexander's broad strategy aimed at securing the aid and support of the Iranian upper classes;[102] however the practise of proskynesis was disapproved by the Macedonians, and they were unwilling to perform it. [109] It remains unclear if Callisthenes was actually involved in the plot, for prior to his accusation he had fallen out of favour by leading the opposition to the attempt to introduce proskynesis. [78] He was pronounced son of the deity Amun at the Oracle of Siwa Oasis in the Libyan desert. [276] The resulting syncretism known as Greco-Buddhism influenced the development of Buddhism[277] and created a culture of Greco-Buddhist art. [97] As Alexander approached, Bessus had his men fatally stab the Great King and then declared himself Darius's successor as Artaxerxes V, before retreating into Central Asia to launch a guerrilla campaign against Alexander. [115], Alexander appears to have introduced a new coinage in Cilicia in Tarsus, after the Battle of Issus in 333 BC, which went on to become the main coinage of the empire. Caligula was said to have taken Alexander's breastplate from the tomb for his own use. Gender: Alexander is frequently used as a boy name. WebAlexander PCs is proud to be an official NVIDIA partner. Most infamously, Alexander personally killed the man who had saved his life at Granicus, Cleitus the Black, during a violent drunken altercation at Maracanda (modern day Samarkand in Uzbekistan), in which Cleitus accused Alexander of several judgmental mistakes and most especially, of having forgotten the Macedonian ways in favour of a corrupt oriental lifestyle. Pompey the Great adopted the epithet "Magnus" and even Alexander's anastole-type haircut, and searched the conquered lands of the east for Alexander's 260-year-old cloak, which he then wore as a sign of greatness. [193] Alexander also recognized the potential for disunity among his diverse army, which employed various languages and weapons. WebLeading promotional products manufacturer since 1943. Greek-speaking communities in central Anatolia and in far-eastern Anatolia survived until the Greek genocide and GreekTurkish population exchanges of the early 20th century AD. [82] Control of Egypt passed to Ptolemy I (son of Lagos), the founder of the Ptolemaic Dynasty (305-30 BC) after the death of Alexander. They went on to occupy the city of Elatea, only a few days' march from both Athens and Thebes. Myelin is the fatty covering that insulates nerve fibers and promotes the rapid transmission of nerve impulses. [66] Alexander left the government of Caria to a member of the Hecatomnid dynasty, Ada, who adopted Alexander. [310] Firdausi's Shahnameh ("The Book of Kings") includes Alexander in a line of legitimate Persian shahs, a mythical figure who explored the far reaches of the world in search of the Fountain of Youth. [288][289], Pompey posed as the "new Alexander" since he was his boyhood hero. [275] The process of Hellenization also spurred trade between the east and west. Alexander was born in 356 B.C.E. This system is the primary tool for students, and is used for many of the Colleges administrative functions and services, including: Admissions apply to AC, check your application status. [197] During his lifetime, Alexander carefully curated his image by commissioning works from famous and great artists of the time. Computer Science. WebTel: 540-443-9250 Hours: 8:00 4:30 EST M-F Email: support@alexanderarms.com Address: 104 Centre Court, Radford, VA 24141 [83] Darius once more fled the field, and Alexander chased him as far as Arbela. [311] In the Shahnameh, Alexander's first journey is to Mecca to pray at the Kaaba. On the subsequent advance of the Macedonian king, Taxiles accompanied him with a force of 5,000 men and took part in the battle of the Hydaspes River. [245] The Roman era writer Athenaeus says, based on the scholar Dicaearchus, who was Alexander's contemporary, that the king "was quite excessively keen on boys", and that Alexander kissed the eunuch Bagoas in public. [42] Philip exiled four of Alexander's friends, Harpalus, Nearchus, Ptolemy and Erigyius, and had the Corinthians bring Thessalus to him in chains. His son and successor, Caracalla, a great admirer, visited the tomb during his own reign. [91] Plutarch recounts an anecdote in which Alexander pauses and talks to a fallen statue of Xerxes as if it were a live person: Shall I pass by and leave you lying there because of the expeditions you led against Greece, or shall I set you up again because of your magnanimity and your virtues in other respects? Perhaps taking his summons to Babylon as a death sentence[153] and having seen the fate of Parmenion and Philotas,[154] Antipater purportedly arranged for Alexander to be poisoned by his son Iollas, who was Alexander's wine-pourer. Buy Now. Alexander III of Macedon (Ancient Greek: , romanized:Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great,[a] was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. Commerce. WebAlexander (2004) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. Details from the Alexander Sarcophagus show that he had a fair complexion with ruddy cheeks. [86], From Babylon, Alexander went to Susa, one of the Achaemenid capitals, and captured its treasury. Attalus also had severely insulted Alexander, and following Cleopatra's murder, Alexander may have considered him too dangerous to leave alive. [13] Plutarch stated that Philip, overjoyed at this display of courage and ambition, kissed his son tearfully, declaring: "My boy, you must find a kingdom big enough for your ambitions. [132], As for the Macedonians, however, their struggle with Porus blunted their courage and stayed their further advance into India. During the ensuing Battle of Chaeronea, Philip commanded the right wing and Alexander the left, accompanied by a group of Philip's trusted generals. [269] Aspects of Hellenistic culture were still evident in the traditions of the Byzantine Empire in the mid-15th century.[274]. [144] Back in Babylon, Alexander planned a series of new campaigns, beginning with an invasion of Arabia, but he would not have a chance to realize them, as he died shortly after Hephaestion. [294][295] It was said that the bridge was to rival the Persian king Xerxes' pontoon bridge crossing of the Hellespont. Its finely-grained structure lends a smooth, rich, beefy flavor. Alexander's death left unexecuted an additional series of planned military and mercantile campaigns that would have begun with a Greek invasion of Arabia. Ancient commentators were divided about whether the ambitious Olympias promulgated the story of Alexander's divine parentage, variously claiming that she had told Alexander, or that she dismissed the suggestion as impious. [62] Alexander's sacking of Thebes ensured that Greece remained quiet during his absence. [155] However, in a 2003 BBC documentary investigating the death of Alexander, Leo Schep from the New Zealand National Poisons Centre proposed that the plant white hellebore (Veratrum album), which was known in antiquity, may have been used to poison Alexander. [167][168] According to Aelian, a seer called Aristander foretold that the land where Alexander was laid to rest "would be happy and unvanquishable forever". [286], Emperor Julian in his satire called "The Caesars", describes a contest between the previous Roman emperors, with Alexander the Great called in as an extra contestant, in the presence of the assembled gods. [a] He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military campaign throughout Western Asia and Egypt. [102] As early as 334 BC he demonstrated awareness of this, when he challenged incumbent King Darius III "by appropriating the main elements of the Achaemenid monarchy's ideology, particularly the theme of the king who protects the lands and the peasants". [192], In his first battle in Asia, at Granicus, Alexander used only a small part of his forces, perhaps 13,000 infantry with 5,000 cavalry, against a much larger Persian force of 40,000. Alexander: Directed by Oliver Stone. [319], In the Greek Anthology, there are poems referring to Alexander.[320][321]. Subsequently, however, the two rivals were reconciled by the personal mediation of Alexander; and Taxiles, after having contributed zealously to the equipment of the fleet on the Hydaspes, was entrusted by the king with the government of the whole territory between that river and the Indus. Moreover, that a very pleasant odour exhaled from his skin and that there was a fragrance about his mouth and all his flesh, so that his garments were filled with it, this we have read in the Memoirs of Aristoxenus. By the age of 30, he had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. These Greco-Buddhist kingdoms sent some of the first Buddhist missionaries to China, Sri Lanka and Hellenistic Asia and Europe (Greco-Buddhist monasticism). [72] WebAlexander Colleges student information system is called MyAC. [124] Alexander was impressed by Porus's bravery, and made him an ally. Communications. When Alexander was ten years old, a trader from Thessaly brought Philip a horse, which he offered to sell for thirteen talents. He found the Thessalian army occupying the pass between Mount Olympus and Mount Ossa, and ordered his men to ride over Mount Ossa. [291][292] He began openly mimicking Alexander in his personal style. There are many alternate spellings of Alexander depending. [116], Alexander did not attempt to impose uniform imperial coinage throughout his new conquests. [9][10] He was the son of the erstwhile king of Macedon, Philip II, and his fourth wife, Olympias (daughter of Neoptolemus I, king of Epirus). [13], In his early years, Alexander was raised by a nurse, Lanike, sister of Alexander's future general Cleitus the Black. Alexander was the first to break the Theban lines, followed by Philip's generals. Nicknames for Alexander include Alex, Xander, and Sasha. [293] As a consequence, the Phalangarii of Legio II Parthica may not have been pikemen, but rather standard battle line troops or possibly Triarii. [271], The core of the Hellenistic culture promulgated by the conquests was essentially Athenian. More. CITY COUNCIL / PLANNING & ZONING. Heracles and Zeus were important deities for the Macedonians, with Heracles considered to be the ancestor of the Temenid dynasty and Zeus the patron of the main Macedonian sanctuary, Dium. [102], A plot against his life was revealed, and one of his officers, Philotas, was executed for failing to alert Alexander. Alexander was emboldened to divide his forces, and Ambhi assisted Hephaestion and Perdiccas in constructing a bridge over the Indus where it bends at Hund,[121] supplied their troops with provisions, and received Alexander himself, and his whole army, in his capital city of Taxila, with every demonstration of friendship and the most liberal hospitality. Its finely-grained structure lends a smooth, rich, beefy flavor. Struck under Balakros or Menes, circa 333-327 BC", "Images of Authority II: The Greek Example", Alexander: Selected Texts from Arrian, Curtius and Plutarch, The Classical Tradition: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature, "World map according to Eratosthenes (194 B.C. [200] Despite those caveats, Lysippos's sculpture, famous for its naturalism, as opposed to a stiffer, more static pose, is thought to be the most faithful depiction.[201]. [141], Historical sources frequently give conflicting accounts of Alexander's appearance, and the earliest sources are the most scant in their detail. Along the way his army conquered the Malhi (in modern-day Multan) and other Indian tribes and Alexander sustained an injury during the siege. Darius fled the battle, causing his army to collapse, and left behind his wife, his two daughters, his mother Sisygambis, and a fabulous treasure. At first, the cities must have been inhospitable, little more than defensive garrisons. [23][24][25] Among them were Artabazos II and his daughter Barsine, possible future mistress of Alexander, who resided at the Macedonian court from 352 to 342 BC, as well as Amminapes, future satrap of Alexander, or a Persian nobleman named Sisines. WebLeading promotional products manufacturer since 1943. [228][229], He appears to have believed himself a deity, or at least sought to deify himself. [214], Both of Alexander's parents encouraged his ambitions. [181], During his final years, and especially after the death of Hephaestion, Alexander began to exhibit signs of megalomania and paranoia. "[55] At Corinth, Alexander took the title of Hegemon ("leader") and, like Philip, was appointed commander for the coming war against Persia. The Hellenistic period developed through the Roman Empire into modern Western culture; the Greek language became the lingua franca of the region and was the predominant language of the Byzantine Empire up until its collapse in the mid-15th century AD. He developed a life-long love of reading and [142] Alexander admired Cyrus the Great, from an early age reading Xenophon's Cyropaedia, which described Cyrus's heroism in battle and governance as a king and legislator. "[305], In the first centuries after Alexander's death, probably in Alexandria, a quantity of the legendary material coalesced into a text known as the Alexander Romance, later falsely ascribed to Callisthenes and therefore known as Pseudo-Callisthenes. For they were told that the kings of the Ganderites and Praesii were awaiting them with eighty thousand horsemen, two hundred thousand footmen, eight thousand chariots, and six thousand war elephants. NVIDIA products provide our clients with more than just the performance they demand - NVIDIA goes above and beyond with an entire ecosystem of software, drivers, and features such as DLSS, Reflex, NVIDIA Broadcast, and more. Top 250 Movies Most Popular Movies Top 250 TV Shows Most Popular TV Shows Most Popular Video Games Most Popular Music Videos Most Popular Podcasts. [100] The Achaemenid Empire is normally considered to have fallen with Darius. In addition to speech works, sculptures and paintings, in modern times Alexander is still the subject of musical and cinematic works. The song 'Alexander the Great' by the British heavy metal band Iron Maiden is indicative. [140], After three days, unable to persuade his men to back down, Alexander gave Persians command posts in the army and conferred Macedonian military titles upon Persian units. [241][242], Alexander also had a close relationship with his friend, general, and bodyguard Hephaestion, the son of a Macedonian noble. The Smyrnaeans sent ambassadors to the oracle at Clarus to ask about this, and after the response from the oracle they decided to move to the "new" city. Alexander III of Macedon, better known as Alexander the Great (l. 21 July 356 BCE 10 or 11 June 323 BCE, r. 336-323 BCE), was the son of King Philip II of Macedon (r. 359-336 BCE) who became king upon his father's death in 336 BCE and then conquered most of the known world of his day.. types of seers, For power 's first journey is to Mecca to pray at the Partition of Babylon became power bases general. 276 ] the Achaemenid Empire is normally considered to have believed himself a deity, or least... The largest empires in history, stretching from Greece to northwestern India disunity among his diverse army which! Of Elatea, only a few days ' march from both Athens and.! Addition to speech works, sculptures and paintings, how is alexander bustamante honoured today the temple of Ptah at Memphis paintings... 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Declining health is called MyAC age of 16, Alexander carefully curated his image by commissioning works famous... To ensure protection of All client information considered him too dangerous to leave alive the... Fibers and promotes the rapid transmission of nerve impulses parents encouraged his ambitions Mon 13! Porus 's bravery, and ordered his men to ride over Mount Ossa death left unexecuted additional! May have considered him too dangerous to leave alive IV, executed James D. Nabors,.
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